Chapter XIV: The Changing Empire (1648 - 1715)

Part I. The Reorganization of Germany

• 30 years war decimated German population, which recovered by 1700
• War also reduced centralised power, princes were acting independently in a return to semi-feudalism
• Frederick William paved the way for Frederick the Great
  • developed strong standing army
  • defeated Swedes at Fehrbellin
  • economic administrative reforms
• Frederick III crowned King of Prussia in 1701 (as Frederick I)

Part II. The German Soul

• adopted French language and manners
• fond of drink
• Germany was desimated by 30 years war but maintained humor and sturdy morals

Part III. The Arts in Germany

• Architecture - German Baroque
• music was the primary artistic outlet
  • Bach family produced hundreds of musicians from 1550 - 1850 culimating in Hohann Sebastian

Part IV. Austria and the Turks

• Austria should be seen as the defender of the West against resurgent Turkey in this period
• Turks invade Hungary but are defeated by Montecucculi's foces at Riber Raba crossing (1664) –> still the truce left most of Hungary to the Turnks
• Chirstian union was weak as Louis XIV attacked the Netherlands (1667)
• 1669 - Kara Mustafa invaded Austria with 250,000 men to siege Vienna – Polish Sobiesk arrived to help and caught the Turks unprepared –> Turks fled
• 1684 - Holy League formed – Austria, Poland, Venice against the Turks
• 1699 - Treaty of Karlowitz marked end of the Turkish danger
• Ottoman decline due to laziness and inefficiences that come with success; lack of innovation